A company has a covenant breach on its senior secured loan. What options does the company have, and how would you advise management?
A core Restructuring interview question — asked in analyst and associate interviews across IB, PE, and the Big 4.
THE SHORT ANSWER
Options include: (1) seek a waiver or amendment from lenders, often requiring a fee or higher interest; (2) cure the breach by injecting equity or selling assets; (3) renegotiate the covenant package for future periods; (4) if breach is severe, consider a standstill agreement to buy time. I would advise management to first assess the severity, communicate proactively with lenders, and prepare a credible plan to restore compliance. If lenders are unwilling, a consensual restructuring or in-court process may be needed.
WHAT INTERVIEWERS LISTEN FOR
- ✓Waiver/amendment
- ✓Cure through equity or asset sales
- ✓Renegotiation
- ✓Standstill if needed
COMMON MISTAKES
- ✗Ignoring lender communication
- ✗Assuming immediate default
- ✗Not considering standstill
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